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Marriage Rights Clinic (2022-23)

In the summer of 2022, CFHR launched the first Marriage Rights Clinical Programme with support from the American Bar Association - Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) to enhance students’ overall understanding, knowledge and skills with respect to women’s marriage rights in Pakistan, both from a substantive and procedural standpoint, with specific focus on the nikkahnama and the rights therein. During June 2022 - April 2023, CFHR implemented two Clinical Programmes on Marriage Rights and also supported colleagues at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women’s University Peshawar (SBBWUP) to implement one clinical programme.

While the broader objectives of the Clinical Programme was to provide law students with an opportunity to experience learning through doing and to mould young lawyers into rights-based advocates. An added objective was to combat disinformation surrounding women’s marriage rights in Pakistan and build a community of defenders that are adequately equipped to identify, intervene and prevent violation of women’s marriage rights in Pakistan. 

The clinical programme provided participants with the following: 

  • An understanding of women’s rights under international human rights law as well as in the context of the Pakistani legal system. 
  • An in-depth understanding of women's rights in marriage in Pakistan, the Nikkahnama, and laws and procedures governing the same.  
  • An understanding of the ethical and professional issues that will be faced by a practising lawyer. 
  • An understanding of the interconnectedness of legal rights issues with social, economic and cultural norms and how they impact each other, particularly in the case of women’s rights. 
  • The ability to work as part of a team and manage multiple demands under time and resource constraints.
  • Knowledge of methods of legal research and ability to conduct legal research by using  local and international resources / databases / tools and instruments. 
  • Experience and expertise in providing legal advice to women on family law related issues. 
  • Understanding of case preparation, client handling, case file preparation, and also how to advocate for a client in a mock court setting. 
  • Sensitisation to the different aspects of becoming a human rights lawyer, specifically on family law related cases. 
  • Provide speedy and affordable services to those people inside and outside the university, who cannot afford access to the courts.

Student Contributions

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Capacity Building
Marriage Rights
Jun 2022
Marriage Rights Clinic (2022-23)

In the summer of 2022, CFHR launched the first Marriage Rights Clinical Programme with support from the American Bar Association - Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) to enhance students’ overall understanding, knowledge and skills with respect to women’s marriage rights in Pakistan, both from a substantive and procedural standpoint, with specific focus on the nikkahnama and the rights therein. During June 2022 - April 2023, CFHR implemented two Clinical Programmes on Marriage Rights and also supported colleagues at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women’s University Peshawar (SBBWUP) to implement one clinical programme.

While the broader objectives of the Clinical Programme was to provide law students with an opportunity to experience learning through doing and to mould young lawyers into rights-based advocates. An added objective was to combat disinformation surrounding women’s marriage rights in Pakistan and build a community of defenders that are adequately equipped to identify, intervene and prevent violation of women’s marriage rights in Pakistan. 

The clinical programme provided participants with the following: 

  • An understanding of women’s rights under international human rights law as well as in the context of the Pakistani legal system. 
  • An in-depth understanding of women's rights in marriage in Pakistan, the Nikkahnama, and laws and procedures governing the same.  
  • An understanding of the ethical and professional issues that will be faced by a practising lawyer. 
  • An understanding of the interconnectedness of legal rights issues with social, economic and cultural norms and how they impact each other, particularly in the case of women’s rights. 
  • The ability to work as part of a team and manage multiple demands under time and resource constraints.
  • Knowledge of methods of legal research and ability to conduct legal research by using  local and international resources / databases / tools and instruments. 
  • Experience and expertise in providing legal advice to women on family law related issues. 
  • Understanding of case preparation, client handling, case file preparation, and also how to advocate for a client in a mock court setting. 
  • Sensitisation to the different aspects of becoming a human rights lawyer, specifically on family law related cases. 
  • Provide speedy and affordable services to those people inside and outside the university, who cannot afford access to the courts.

Student Contributions

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Legal Research

Clinic students conducted research on women’s marriage rights, focusing on key issues such as the responsibility of Nikah Registrars in preventing child marriage, decentralising khula proceedings to Union Councils, strengthening restrictions on polygamy, and safeguarding the rights of women in polygamous marriages. Some students also engaged with stakeholders to gather practical insights.

Report Writing

Clinic students contributed to the Family Law Report on Women’s Marriage Rights in Pakistan by inputting data from 50 khula case files and assisting in the Diagnostic Study of Nikahnamas in Punjab and the fact sheet.  They reviewed registered Nikahnamas from the Pakpattan district (over 150 in total) recording observations on registrar practices and commonly added terms, and reflecting on their findings.

Case Review

All clinic students prepared analytical case notes on selected family law judgments, assessed by CFHR to evaluate legal writing and reasoning. Four interns also reviewed recent high court cases and conducted comparative research on family laws in other Muslim-majority and Shariah-based legal systems to identify best practices and parallels with Pakistani law.

Legal Aid Support

Select students supported CFHR’s legal aid and advocacy project, which aimed to (i) deepen understanding of legal rights and jurisprudence on marriage and (ii) equip students to provide legal aid to women and girls. Interns contributed research on topics such as the legal duties of Nikah Registrars, decentralisation of khula, and protections for women in polygamous marriages.

Public Awareness Campaign – Qabool Hai

Students led the nationwide Qabool hai? Qabool hai. Qabool hai! social media campaign to challenge societal myths and increase youth awareness about marriage rights. The campaign included segments like Myth vs Facts and Society Talks, as well as the development of the campaign logo, timeline, and content on issues including the Nikahnama, delegated right to divorce vs khula, haq mehr vs dowry, and age of consent vs child marriage. Interns also produced the “Kya Apko Maloom Hai?” (Do You Know?) video series featuring clinic students and youth voices to raise awareness about Nikahnama clauses and related rights. This creative legal education effort allowed students to apply their legal knowledge in accessible formats for broader youth outreach.

  1. Summer Clinic 2022: The Summer Clinical Programme was open only to students from UCL and Kinnaird College for Women (KCW). The first cohort comprised 10 students from UCL and 10 students from KCW.
  2. Fall/Spring Clinic 2022-2023: The second Clinical Programme was made open for students from other institutions in Lahore to join. Over 45 applications were received for the Fall/Spring clinical programme. The breakdown of the applicants included: 30 female and 15 male students. A total of 29 applicants were students from UCL and 16 were students from other universities across Pakistan, these included: Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore (KCW), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), National College of Arts, Lahore (NCA), Pakistan College of Law (PCL), and universities outside of Lahore such as Bahria University, Islamabad, and National Defence University, Islamabad (NDU). Although the majority of the students were pursuing law as a degree, the application pool was diverse as applicants came from backgrounds in economics, finance, international relations, and history as well with a keen interest in human rights. The final selection of students included a total of 22 students consisting of 18 females and 4 males.
  3. SBBWUP Clinic: The Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women’s University Peshawar (SBBWUP) set up a pilot legal aid/advocacy clinic within the law school in February, 2023. The SBBWUP law school had previously implemented a legal clinic in 2018 in collaboration with CFHR-UCL. Two faculty members from the law school, Ms. Aarzoo Farhad and Ms. Hira Shahjehan developed and finalized the clinic curriculum with the CFHR-UCL team. A total of 10 female students were part of the clinic. 

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